test: fix ExpenseListRepositoryTest with H2 and proper save-then-find pattern

Added H2 as a test-scoped dependency so @DataJpaTest has an embedded
database. Rewrote the test to save an entity and assert on the returned
ID rather than assuming a record exists at ID=1.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

dev-docker-compose.yml

@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-version: "3.8"
-services:
-  xpensely-server:
-    build:
-      context: .
-      dockerfile: Dockerfile
-    image: xpensely-server:local
-    labels:
-      net.unraid.docker.icon: https://tea.zendric.de/Cedric/XpenselyServer/raw/branch/main/src/main/resources/static/xpensely_icon_white.png
-    container_name: xpensely-server
-    ports:
-      - 3636:8080
-    environment:
-      GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID: ${GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID}
-      GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET: ${GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET}
-      DB_PORT: 5432
-      DB_P_NAME: xpensely
-      DB_USERNAME: ${DB_USERNAME}
-      DB_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD}
-      SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE: test
-    depends_on:
-      postgresdb:
-        condition: service_healthy
-    networks:
-      - xpensely-network
-  postgresdb:
-    labels:
-      net.unraid.docker.icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/docker-library/docs/01c12653951b2fe592c1f93a13b4e289ada0e3a1/postgres/logo.png
-    image: postgres:14
-    container_name: postgresdb
-    ports:
-      - 5435:5432
-    environment:
-      POSTGRES_DB: xpensely
-      POSTGRES_USER: ${DB_USERNAME}
-      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD}
-    networks:
-      - xpensely-network
-    volumes:
-      - db_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
-    restart: unless-stopped
-    healthcheck:
-      test:
-        - CMD-SHELL
-        - pg_isready -U ${DB_USERNAME} -d xpensely
-      interval: 10s
-      timeout: 5s
-      retries: 5
-volumes:
-  db_data: null
-networks:
-  xpensely-network: null

docker-compose.yml

@@ -1,48 +1,43 @@
-version: "3.8"
 services:
   xpensely-server:
-    image: tea.zendric.de/cedric/xpensely-server:0
-    labels:
-      net.unraid.docker.icon: https://tea.zendric.de/Cedric/XpenselyServer/raw/branch/main/src/main/resources/static/xpensely_icon_white.png
-    container_name: xpensely-server
-    ports:
-      - 3636:8080
+    image: tea.zendric.de/cedric/xpensely-server:latest
+    restart: always
     environment:
       GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID: ${GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID}
       GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET: ${GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET}
+
       DB_PORT: 5432
-      DB_P_NAME: xpensely
-      DB_USERNAME: ${DB_USERNAME}
-      DB_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD}
+      DB_P_NAME: ${POSTGRES_DB}
+      DB_USERNAME: ${POSTGRES_USER}
+      DB_PASSWORD: ${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
+
+      SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE: ${SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE}
     depends_on:
       postgresdb:
         condition: service_healthy
     networks:
       - xpensely-network
+
   postgresdb:
-    labels:
-      net.unraid.docker.icon: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/docker-library/docs/01c12653951b2fe592c1f93a13b4e289ada0e3a1/postgres/logo.png
     image: postgres:14
-    container_name: postgresdb
-    ports:
-      - 5435:5432
+    restart: unless-stopped
     environment:
-      POSTGRES_DB: xpensely
-      POSTGRES_USER: ${DB_USERNAME}
-      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD}
+      POSTGRES_DB: ${POSTGRES_DB}
+      POSTGRES_USER: ${POSTGRES_USER}
+      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
+    volumes:
+      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
     networks:
       - xpensely-network
-    volumes:
-      - db_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
-    restart: unless-stopped
     healthcheck:
-      test:
-        - CMD-SHELL
-        - pg_isready -U ${DB_USERNAME} -d xpensely
+      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U ${POSTGRES_USER} -d ${POSTGRES_DB}"]
       interval: 10s
       timeout: 5s
       retries: 5
+
 volumes:
-  db_data: null
+  postgres_data:
+
 networks:
-  xpensely-network: null
+  xpensely-network:
+    driver: bridge

dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM openjdk:17-jdk-slim
+FROM eclipse-temurin:17-jdk
 
 COPY ./target/*.jar app.jar
 

docs/superpowers/specs/2026-05-04-security-hardening-design.md

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+# Security Hardening Design — XpenselyServer
+**Date:** 2026-05-04  
+**Scope:** Input validation, authorization enforcement, rate limiting
+
+---
+
+## Problem Statement
+
+The XpenselyServer has three security gaps:
+
+1. **No input validation** — request bodies are accepted without any field constraints, allowing null fields, negative amounts, oversized strings, and malformed data to reach the database layer.
+2. **Authorization bypass** — every endpoint trusts caller-supplied user IDs from query params or request bodies rather than the authenticated JWT. Any authenticated user can read or destroy another user's expense lists.
+3. **No rate limiting** — no protection against brute-force or abuse of sensitive endpoints (invite generation, account creation, invite acceptance).
+
+---
+
+## Section 1 — Input Validation
+
+### Dependency
+Add `spring-boot-starter-validation` to `pom.xml`.
+
+### Request Model Constraints
+
+**`AppUserCreateRequest`**
+- `username`: `@NotBlank @Size(min=3, max=30) @Pattern(regexp="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.-]+$")`
+- `googleId`: `@NotBlank`
+
+**`ExpenseInput`**
+- `title`: `@NotBlank @Size(max=100)`
+- `owner`: `@NotBlank`
+- `amount`: `@NotNull @DecimalMin("0.01")`
+- `date`: `@NotNull`
+- `category`: `@NotBlank`
+
+**`ExpenseChangeRequest`** — same constraints as `ExpenseInput` for the corresponding fields.
+
+**`InviteRequest`**
+- `inviteCode`: `@NotBlank @Size(min=6, max=6)`
+- `userId` field removed (derived from JWT — see Section 2)
+
+### Controller Changes
+Add `@Valid` to every `@RequestBody` parameter in `AppUserController` and `ExpenseListController`.
+
+### Error Handling
+Add a `@ControllerAdvice` class `GlobalExceptionHandler` that:
+- Catches `MethodArgumentNotValidException` → returns `400 Bad Request` with a map of `{ field: errorMessage }` pairs
+- Catches `IllegalArgumentException` → returns `400 Bad Request` with the exception message
+
+This replaces the current pattern of returning `500 INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR` or `417 EXPECTATION_FAILED` for validation failures.
+
+### Cleanup
+Remove the stray `@Id` and `@GeneratedValue` JPA annotations from `ExpenseInput` — it is a DTO, not an entity.
+
+---
+
+## Section 2 — Authorization Model
+
+### Core Principle
+Stop trusting caller-supplied user IDs. Derive the authenticated user from the JWT on every request.
+
+### New Component: `AuthenticatedUserResolver`
+A `@Component` with a single method:
+```java
+AppUser resolveCurrentUser(Authentication auth)
+```
+- Extracts the `sub` claim (Google ID) from the JWT
+- Calls `UserService.getUserByGoogleId(sub)` to return the `AppUser`
+- Throws `ResponseStatusException(403)` if no user is found for the JWT subject
+
+### Endpoint Changes
+
+| Endpoint | Change |
+|---|---|
+| `GET /api/expenselist/all` | **Removed** — no legitimate non-admin use case |
+| `GET /api/expenselist/byUser?userId=X` | **Replaced** by `GET /api/expenselist/mine` — returns lists for the JWT user, no param |
+| `GET /api/expenselist/byUsername?username=X` | **Removed** — redundant with `/mine` |
+| `GET /api/expenselist/byId?id=X` | **Guard added** — 403 if authenticated user is neither owner nor sharedWith |
+| `DELETE /api/expenselist/{id}` | **Guard added** — 403 if authenticated user is not the owner |
+| `POST /api/expenselist/{id}/add` | **Guard added** — 403 if authenticated user is not owner or sharedWith |
+| `PUT /api/expenselist/{id}/update` | **Guard added** — 403 if authenticated user is not owner or sharedWith |
+| `DELETE /api/expenselist/{id}/delete` | **Guard added** — 403 if authenticated user is not owner or sharedWith |
+| `POST /api/expenselist/{listId}/invite` | **Guard added** — 403 if authenticated user is not the owner |
+| `POST /api/expenselist/accept-invite` | **`userId` removed from body** — derived from JWT instead |
+| `GET /api/users?id=X` | **Guard added** — 403 if id doesn't match JWT user's id |
+| `GET /api/users/byGoogleId?id=X` | **Guard added** — 403 if id doesn't match JWT sub |
+| `DELETE /api/users?id=X` | **Guard added** — 403 if id doesn't match JWT user's id |
+
+### Ownership Check Helper
+Each guard is implemented as a private method in its controller (2–3 lines):
+```java
+private void assertOwner(AppUser authenticated, ExpenseList list) {
+    if (!list.getOwner().getId().equals(authenticated.getId()))
+        throw new ResponseStatusException(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN);
+}
+
+private void assertMember(AppUser authenticated, ExpenseList list) {
+    boolean isOwner = list.getOwner().getId().equals(authenticated.getId());
+    boolean isShared = list.getSharedWith() != null && list.getSharedWith().getId().equals(authenticated.getId());
+    if (!isOwner && !isShared)
+        throw new ResponseStatusException(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN);
+}
+```
+
+### Test Profile
+The `@Profile("test")` security chain in `SecurityConfig` is untouched. Existing tests continue to work without authentication.
+
+---
+
+## Section 3 — Rate Limiting
+
+### Dependency
+Add `bucket4j-core` to `pom.xml`. In-memory storage — no external cache needed for single-instance deployment.
+
+### Implementation
+A `RateLimitFilter` extending `OncePerRequestFilter`, registered as a `@Component` with `@Profile("!test")`:
+
+- **Key for authenticated requests:** JWT `sub` claim (per-user bucket)
+- **Key for unauthenticated requests:** remote IP address (pre-auth fallback)
+- Buckets stored in a `ConcurrentHashMap<String, Bucket>`
+
+### Limits
+
+| Endpoint pattern | Limit |
+|---|---|
+| All endpoints (default) | 60 requests / minute |
+| `POST /api/expenselist/*/invite` | 5 requests / minute |
+| `POST /api/expenselist/accept-invite` | 10 requests / minute |
+| `POST /api/users/createUser` | 3 requests / minute |
+
+Sensitive endpoints get their own per-user bucket independent of the general bucket.
+
+### Response
+When a bucket is exhausted: `429 Too Many Requests` with a `Retry-After: <seconds>` header indicating time until refill.
+
+---
+
+## Architecture Summary
+
+```
+Request
+  └── RateLimitFilter (per-user/IP buckets)
+        └── SecurityFilterChain (JWT validation)
+              └── Controller
+                    ├── @Valid on @RequestBody → GlobalExceptionHandler on failure
+                    ├── AuthenticatedUserResolver → AppUser from JWT sub
+                    └── assertOwner / assertMember → 403 on violation
+```
+
+No new service layer is introduced. The authorization checks are lightweight and local to each controller method.
+
+---
+
+## Files Affected
+
+| File | Change |
+|---|---|
+| `pom.xml` | Add `spring-boot-starter-validation`, `bucket4j-core` |
+| `model/AppUserCreateRequest.java` | Add validation annotations |
+| `model/ExpenseInput.java` | Add validation annotations, remove JPA annotations |
+| `model/ExpenseChangeRequest.java` | Add validation annotations |
+| `model/InviteRequest.java` | Add validation annotations, remove `userId` field |
+| `controller/AppUserController.java` | Add `@Valid`, ownership guards, use `AuthenticatedUserResolver` |
+| `controller/ExpenseListController.java` | Add `@Valid`, ownership guards, remove/rename endpoints, use `AuthenticatedUserResolver` |
+| `security/AuthenticatedUserResolver.java` | **New** — resolves JWT sub to `AppUser` |
+| `security/RateLimitFilter.java` | **New** — per-user/IP rate limiting |
+| `controller/GlobalExceptionHandler.java` | **New** — structured 400/403 error responses |

pom.xml

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 		<url/>
 	</scm>
 	<properties>
-		<java.version>17</java.version>
+		<java.version>21</java.version>
 	</properties>
 	<dependencies>
 		<dependency>
@@ -38,6 +38,15 @@
 			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
 			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
 		</dependency>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
+		</dependency>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>com.bucket4j</groupId>
+			<artifactId>bucket4j-core</artifactId>
+			<version>8.10.1</version>
+		</dependency>
 		<dependency>
         	<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         	<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-oauth2-resource-server</artifactId>
@@ -71,6 +80,11 @@
 			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
 			<scope>test</scope>
 		</dependency>
+		<dependency>
+			<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
+			<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
+			<scope>test</scope>
+		</dependency>
 		<dependency>
 			<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
 			<artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId>

src/main/java/de/zendric/app/xpensely_server/controller/AppUserController.java

@@ -1,35 +1,35 @@
 package de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.controller;
 
-import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import jakarta.validation.Valid;
 import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
 import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
-import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.DeleteMapping;
-import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
-import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
-import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
-import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
-import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
-import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
+import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
+import org.springframework.web.server.ResponseStatusException;
 
 import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.model.AppUser;
 import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.model.AppUserCreateRequest;
 import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.model.Exception.UsernameAlreadyExistsException;
+import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.security.AuthenticatedUserResolver;
 import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.services.UserService;
 
 @RestController
 @RequestMapping("/api/users")
 public class AppUserController {
 
-    private UserService userService;
+    private final UserService userService;
+    private final AuthenticatedUserResolver authenticatedUserResolver;
 
-    @Autowired
-    public AppUserController(UserService userService) {
+    public AppUserController(UserService userService, AuthenticatedUserResolver authenticatedUserResolver) {
         this.userService = userService;
+        this.authenticatedUserResolver = authenticatedUserResolver;
     }
 
     @GetMapping
-    public AppUser getUser(@RequestParam Long id) {
-        return userService.getUser(id);
+    public ResponseEntity<AppUser> getUser(@RequestParam Long id, Authentication authentication) {
+        AppUser self = authenticatedUserResolver.resolveCurrentUser(authentication);
+        assertSelf(self, id);
+        return ResponseEntity.ok(userService.getUser(id));
     }
 
     @GetMapping("/byName")
@@ -38,23 +38,17 @@ public class AppUserController {
     }
 
     @GetMapping("/byGoogleId")
-    public ResponseEntity<AppUser> getUserByGoogleId(@RequestParam String id) {
-        try {
-            AppUser userByGoogleId = userService.getUserByGoogleId(id);
-            return new ResponseEntity<>(userByGoogleId, HttpStatus.OK);
-
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
-            return new ResponseEntity<>(null, HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            return new ResponseEntity<>(null, HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
-        }
+    public ResponseEntity<AppUser> getUserByGoogleId(@RequestParam String id, Authentication authentication) {
+        AppUser self = authenticatedUserResolver.resolveCurrentUser(authentication);
+        if (!self.getGoogleId().equals(id))
+            throw new ResponseStatusException(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN);
+        return ResponseEntity.ok(self);
     }
 
     @PostMapping("/createUser")
-    public ResponseEntity<AppUser> createUser(@RequestBody AppUserCreateRequest userRequest) {
+    public ResponseEntity<AppUser> createUser(@RequestBody @Valid AppUserCreateRequest userRequest) {
         try {
             AppUser convertedUser = userRequest.convertToAppUser();
-
             AppUser nUser = userService.createUser(convertedUser);
             return new ResponseEntity<>(nUser, HttpStatus.CREATED);
         } catch (UsernameAlreadyExistsException e) {
@@ -62,12 +56,18 @@ public class AppUserController {
         } catch (Exception e) {
             return new ResponseEntity<>(null, HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
         }
-
     }
 
     @DeleteMapping
-    public String deleteUser(@RequestParam Long id) {
+    public ResponseEntity<String> deleteUser(@RequestParam Long id, Authentication authentication) {
+        AppUser self = authenticatedUserResolver.resolveCurrentUser(authentication);
+        assertSelf(self, id);
         AppUser user = userService.deleteUserById(id);
-        return "User deleted : " + user.getUsername();
+        return ResponseEntity.ok("User deleted: " + user.getUsername());
+    }
+
+    private void assertSelf(AppUser authenticated, Long requestedId) {
+        if (!authenticated.getId().equals(requestedId))
+            throw new ResponseStatusException(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN);
     }
 }

src/main/java/de/zendric/app/xpensely_server/controller/ExpenseListController.java

@@ -1,125 +1,71 @@
 package de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.controller;
 
 import java.time.LocalDateTime;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Optional;
 
-import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import jakarta.validation.Valid;
 import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
 import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
-import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.DeleteMapping;
-import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
-import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
-import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
-import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PutMapping;
-import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
-import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
-import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
-import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
+import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
+import org.springframework.web.server.ResponseStatusException;
 
-import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.model.AppUser;
-import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.model.Expense;
-import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.model.ExpenseChangeRequest;
-import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.model.ExpenseInput;
-import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.model.ExpenseList;
-import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.model.InviteRequest;
-import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.model.XpenselyStandardCategories;
+import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.model.*;
+import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.security.AuthenticatedUserResolver;
 import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.services.CategoryService;
 import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.services.ExpenseListService;
 import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.services.UserService;
 
 @RestController
 @RequestMapping("/api/expenselist")
-class ExpenseListController {
+public class ExpenseListController {
 
-    private ExpenseListService expenseListService;
-    private UserService userService;
-    private CategoryService categoryService;
+    private final ExpenseListService expenseListService;
+    private final UserService userService;
+    private final CategoryService categoryService;
+    private final AuthenticatedUserResolver authenticatedUserResolver;
 
-    @Autowired
     public ExpenseListController(ExpenseListService expenseListService, UserService userService,
-            CategoryService categoryService) {
+            CategoryService categoryService, AuthenticatedUserResolver authenticatedUserResolver) {
         this.expenseListService = expenseListService;
         this.userService = userService;
         this.categoryService = categoryService;
+        this.authenticatedUserResolver = authenticatedUserResolver;
     }
 
-    @GetMapping("/all")
-    public ResponseEntity<List<ExpenseList>> getAll() {
-        try {
-            List<ExpenseList> items = new ArrayList<>();
-
-            expenseListService.findAll().forEach(items::add);
-
-            if (items.isEmpty())
-                return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT);
-
-            return new ResponseEntity<>(items, HttpStatus.OK);
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            return new ResponseEntity<>(null, HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
-        }
-    }
-
-    @GetMapping("/byUser")
-    public ResponseEntity<List<ExpenseList>> getByUser(@RequestParam Long userId) {
-        try {
-            List<ExpenseList> items = expenseListService.findByUserId(userId);
-
-            if (items.isEmpty())
-                return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT);
-
-            return new ResponseEntity<>(items, HttpStatus.OK);
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            return new ResponseEntity<>(null, HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
-        }
-    }
-
-    @GetMapping("/byUsername")
-    public ResponseEntity<List<ExpenseList>> getByUser(@RequestParam String username) {
-        try {
-            List<ExpenseList> items = expenseListService.findByUsername(username);
-
-            if (items.isEmpty())
-                return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT);
-
-            return new ResponseEntity<>(items, HttpStatus.OK);
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            return new ResponseEntity<>(null, HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
-        }
+    @GetMapping("/mine")
+    public ResponseEntity<List<ExpenseList>> getMine(Authentication authentication) {
+        AppUser user = authenticatedUserResolver.resolveCurrentUser(authentication);
+        List<ExpenseList> items = expenseListService.findByUserId(user.getId());
+        if (items.isEmpty())
+            return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT);
+        return new ResponseEntity<>(items, HttpStatus.OK);
     }
 
     @GetMapping("/byId")
-    public ResponseEntity<ExpenseList> getById(@RequestParam Long id) {
+    public ResponseEntity<ExpenseList> getById(@RequestParam Long id, Authentication authentication) {
+        AppUser user = authenticatedUserResolver.resolveCurrentUser(authentication);
         Optional<ExpenseList> existingItemOptional = expenseListService.findById(id);
-
-        if (existingItemOptional.isPresent()) {
-            return new ResponseEntity<>(existingItemOptional.get(), HttpStatus.OK);
-        } else {
+        if (existingItemOptional.isEmpty())
             return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
-        }
+        assertMember(user, existingItemOptional.get());
+        return new ResponseEntity<>(existingItemOptional.get(), HttpStatus.OK);
     }
 
     @PostMapping("/create")
-    // TODO add handling of categories by using DTO
-    public ResponseEntity<ExpenseList> create(@RequestBody ExpenseList expenseList) {
+    public ResponseEntity<ExpenseList> create(@RequestBody ExpenseList expenseList,
+            Authentication authentication) {
         try {
-            if (expenseList.getOwner() != null) {
-                AppUser existingOwner = userService.getUser(expenseList.getOwner().getId());
-                if (existingOwner == null) {
-                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Owner does not exist.");
-                }
-                expenseList.setOwner(existingOwner);
-                XpenselyStandardCategories standardCategories = categoryService.getDefaultCategories();
-                expenseList.setXpenselyStandardCategories(standardCategories);
-            } else {
-                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Owner is required.");
-            }
-
+            AppUser authenticatedUser = authenticatedUserResolver.resolveCurrentUser(authentication);
+            expenseList.setOwner(authenticatedUser);
+            XpenselyStandardCategories standardCategories = categoryService.getDefaultCategories();
+            expenseList.setXpenselyStandardCategories(standardCategories);
             expenseList.setSharedWith(null);
-
             ExpenseList savedItem = expenseListService.createList(expenseList);
             return new ResponseEntity<>(savedItem, HttpStatus.CREATED);
+        } catch (ResponseStatusException e) {
+            throw e;
         } catch (Exception e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
             return new ResponseEntity<>(null, HttpStatus.EXPECTATION_FAILED);
@@ -127,7 +73,12 @@ class ExpenseListController {
     }
 
     @DeleteMapping("{id}")
-    public ResponseEntity<HttpStatus> delete(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
+    public ResponseEntity<HttpStatus> delete(@PathVariable("id") Long id, Authentication authentication) {
+        AppUser user = authenticatedUserResolver.resolveCurrentUser(authentication);
+        Optional<ExpenseList> listOpt = expenseListService.findById(id);
+        if (listOpt.isEmpty())
+            return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
+        assertOwner(user, listOpt.get());
         try {
             expenseListService.deleteById(id);
             return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT);
@@ -139,11 +90,16 @@ class ExpenseListController {
     @PostMapping("/{id}/add")
     public ResponseEntity<Expense> addExpenseToList(
             @PathVariable("id") Long expenseListId,
-            @RequestBody ExpenseInput expenseInput) {
+            @RequestBody @Valid ExpenseInput expenseInput,
+            Authentication authentication) {
+        AppUser user = authenticatedUserResolver.resolveCurrentUser(authentication);
+        Optional<ExpenseList> listOpt = expenseListService.findById(expenseListId);
+        if (listOpt.isEmpty())
+            return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
+        assertMember(user, listOpt.get());
         try {
             AppUser expenseOwner = userService.getUserByName(expenseInput.getOwner());
             Expense expense = expenseInput.convertToExpense(expenseOwner.getId());
-
             Expense addedExpense = expenseListService.addExpenseToList(expenseListId, expense);
             return new ResponseEntity<>(addedExpense, HttpStatus.CREATED);
         } catch (Exception e) {
@@ -154,18 +110,18 @@ class ExpenseListController {
     @PutMapping("/{id}/update")
     public ResponseEntity<Expense> updateExpenseInList(
             @PathVariable("id") Long expenseListId,
-            @RequestBody ExpenseChangeRequest expenseChangeRequest) {
+            @RequestBody @Valid ExpenseChangeRequest expenseChangeRequest,
+            Authentication authentication) {
+        AppUser user = authenticatedUserResolver.resolveCurrentUser(authentication);
+        Optional<ExpenseList> expenseListOpt = expenseListService.findById(expenseListId);
+        if (expenseListOpt.isEmpty())
+            return new ResponseEntity<>(null, HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
+        assertMember(user, expenseListOpt.get());
         try {
             AppUser expenseOwner = userService.getUserByName(expenseChangeRequest.getOwnerName());
-            Optional<ExpenseList> expenseList = expenseListService.findById(expenseListId);
-            if (expenseList.isPresent()) {
-                Expense expense = expenseChangeRequest.convertToExpense(expenseOwner.getId(), expenseList.get());
-
-                Expense addedExpense = expenseListService.updateExpense(expenseListId, expense);
-                return new ResponseEntity<>(addedExpense, HttpStatus.CREATED);
-            }
-            return new ResponseEntity<>(null, HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
-
+            Expense expense = expenseChangeRequest.convertToExpense(expenseOwner.getId(), expenseListOpt.get());
+            Expense updatedExpense = expenseListService.updateExpense(expenseListId, expense);
+            return new ResponseEntity<>(updatedExpense, HttpStatus.OK);
         } catch (Exception e) {
             return new ResponseEntity<>(null, HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST);
         }
@@ -174,7 +130,13 @@ class ExpenseListController {
     @DeleteMapping("/{id}/delete")
     public ResponseEntity<Expense> deleteExpenseFromList(
             @PathVariable("id") Long expenseListId,
-            @RequestParam("expenseId") Long expenseId) {
+            @RequestParam("expenseId") Long expenseId,
+            Authentication authentication) {
+        AppUser user = authenticatedUserResolver.resolveCurrentUser(authentication);
+        Optional<ExpenseList> listOpt = expenseListService.findById(expenseListId);
+        if (listOpt.isEmpty())
+            return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
+        assertMember(user, listOpt.get());
         try {
             expenseListService.deleteExpenseFromList(expenseListId, expenseId);
             return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT);
@@ -184,13 +146,20 @@ class ExpenseListController {
     }
 
     @PostMapping("/{listId}/invite")
-    public ResponseEntity<String> generateInvite(@PathVariable Long listId) {
+    public ResponseEntity<String> generateInvite(@PathVariable Long listId, Authentication authentication) {
+        AppUser user = authenticatedUserResolver.resolveCurrentUser(authentication);
+        Optional<ExpenseList> listOpt = expenseListService.findById(listId);
+        if (listOpt.isEmpty())
+            return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
+        assertOwner(user, listOpt.get());
         String inviteCode = expenseListService.generateInviteCode(listId);
         return ResponseEntity.ok(inviteCode);
     }
 
     @PostMapping("/accept-invite")
-    public ResponseEntity<?> acceptInvite(@RequestBody InviteRequest inviteRequest) {
+    public ResponseEntity<?> acceptInvite(@RequestBody @Valid InviteRequest inviteRequest,
+            Authentication authentication) {
+        AppUser authenticatedUser = authenticatedUserResolver.resolveCurrentUser(authentication);
         ExpenseList list = expenseListService.findByInviteCode(inviteRequest.getInviteCode());
 
         if (list == null || list.getInviteCodeExpiration() == null ||
@@ -200,21 +169,24 @@ class ExpenseListController {
         if (list.getSharedWith() != null) {
             return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.IM_USED).body("List has already been shared");
         }
-        if (list.getOwner().getId() == inviteRequest.getUserId()) {
-            return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST).body("You cant join your own List");
-        }
-        AppUser user = null;
-        try {
-            user = userService.getUser(inviteRequest.getUserId());
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            throw new RuntimeException("User not found");
-        }
-        if (user != null) {
-            list.setSharedWith(user);
-            expenseListService.save(list);
-        } else {
-            throw new RuntimeException("User not found");
+        if (list.getOwner().getId().equals(authenticatedUser.getId())) {
+            return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST).body("You cannot join your own list");
         }
+        list.setSharedWith(authenticatedUser);
+        expenseListService.save(list);
         return ResponseEntity.ok("User added to the list");
     }
+
+    private void assertOwner(AppUser authenticated, ExpenseList list) {
+        if (!list.getOwner().getId().equals(authenticated.getId()))
+            throw new ResponseStatusException(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN);
+    }
+
+    private void assertMember(AppUser authenticated, ExpenseList list) {
+        boolean isOwner = list.getOwner().getId().equals(authenticated.getId());
+        boolean isShared = list.getSharedWith() != null
+                && list.getSharedWith().getId().equals(authenticated.getId());
+        if (!isOwner && !isShared)
+            throw new ResponseStatusException(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN);
+    }
 }

src/main/java/de/zendric/app/xpensely_server/controller/GlobalExceptionHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.controller;
+
+import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
+import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
+import org.springframework.validation.FieldError;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.MethodArgumentNotValidException;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+@RestControllerAdvice
+public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
+
+    @ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
+    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, String>> handleValidationErrors(MethodArgumentNotValidException ex) {
+        Map<String, String> errors = new HashMap<>();
+        for (FieldError fieldError : ex.getBindingResult().getFieldErrors()) {
+            errors.put(fieldError.getField(), fieldError.getDefaultMessage());
+        }
+        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST).body(errors);
+    }
+
+    @ExceptionHandler(IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, String>> handleIllegalArgument(IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
+                .body(Map.of("error", ex.getMessage()));
+    }
+}

src/main/java/de/zendric/app/xpensely_server/model/AppUserCreateRequest.java

@@ -1,21 +1,25 @@
 package de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.model;
 
-import jakarta.persistence.Column;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.Pattern;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.Size;
 import lombok.Data;
 
 @Data
 public class AppUserCreateRequest {
 
-    @Column(name = "username", nullable = false, unique = true)
+    @NotBlank(message = "Username is required")
+    @Size(min = 3, max = 30, message = "Username must be between 3 and 30 characters")
+    @Pattern(regexp = "^[a-zA-Z0-9_.\\-]+$", message = "Username may only contain letters, digits, underscores, dots, and hyphens")
     private String username;
 
+    @NotBlank(message = "Google ID is required")
     private String googleId;
 
     public AppUser convertToAppUser() {
         AppUser appUser = new AppUser();
         appUser.setGoogleId(googleId);
         appUser.setUsername(username);
-
         return appUser;
     }
 }

src/main/java/de/zendric/app/xpensely_server/model/ExpenseChangeRequest.java

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ package de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.model;
 
 import java.time.LocalDate;
 
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.DecimalMin;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotNull;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.Size;
 import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
 import lombok.Data;
 import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@@ -12,12 +16,25 @@ import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
 public class ExpenseChangeRequest {
 
     private Long id;
+
+    @NotBlank(message = "Title is required")
+    @Size(max = 100, message = "Title must not exceed 100 characters")
     private String title;
+
+    @NotBlank(message = "Owner name is required")
     private String ownerName;
+
+    @NotNull(message = "Amount is required")
+    @DecimalMin(value = "0.01", message = "Amount must be greater than zero")
     private Double amount;
+
     private Double personalUseAmount;
     private Double otherPersonAmount;
+
+    @NotNull(message = "Date is required")
     private LocalDate date;
+
+    @NotBlank(message = "Category is required")
     private String category;
 
     public Expense convertToExpense(Long userId, ExpenseList expenseList) {
@@ -38,4 +55,4 @@ public class ExpenseChangeRequest {
 
         return expense;
     }
-}
+}

src/main/java/de/zendric/app/xpensely_server/model/ExpenseInput.java

@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@ package de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.model;
 
 import java.time.LocalDate;
 
-import jakarta.persistence.GeneratedValue;
-import jakarta.persistence.GenerationType;
-import jakarta.persistence.Id;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.DecimalMin;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotNull;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.Size;
 import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
 import lombok.Getter;
 import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@@ -16,19 +17,26 @@ import lombok.Setter;
 @NoArgsConstructor
 public class ExpenseInput {
 
-    @Id
-    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
     private Long id;
 
+    @NotBlank(message = "Title is required")
+    @Size(max = 100, message = "Title must not exceed 100 characters")
     private String title;
 
+    @NotBlank(message = "Owner is required")
     private String owner;
 
+    @NotNull(message = "Amount is required")
+    @DecimalMin(value = "0.01", message = "Amount must be greater than zero")
     private Double amount;
+
     private Double personalUseAmount;
     private Double otherPersonAmount;
 
+    @NotNull(message = "Date is required")
     private LocalDate date;
+
+    @NotBlank(message = "Category is required")
     private String category;
 
     private ExpenseList expenseList;

src/main/java/de/zendric/app/xpensely_server/model/InviteRequest.java

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 package de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.model;
 
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.Size;
 import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
 import lombok.Data;
 import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@@ -8,6 +10,8 @@ import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
 @AllArgsConstructor
 @NoArgsConstructor
 public class InviteRequest {
+
+    @NotBlank(message = "Invite code is required")
+    @Size(min = 6, max = 6, message = "Invite code must be exactly 6 characters")
     private String inviteCode;
-    private Long userId;
 }

src/main/java/de/zendric/app/xpensely_server/security/AuthenticatedUserResolver.java

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.security;
+
+import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.model.AppUser;
+import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.services.UserService;
+import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
+import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
+import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.Jwt;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
+import org.springframework.web.server.ResponseStatusException;
+
+@Component
+public class AuthenticatedUserResolver {
+
+    private final UserService userService;
+
+    public AuthenticatedUserResolver(UserService userService) {
+        this.userService = userService;
+    }
+
+    public AppUser resolveCurrentUser(Authentication authentication) {
+        if (authentication == null) {
+            throw new ResponseStatusException(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, "Not authenticated");
+        }
+        Jwt jwt = (Jwt) authentication.getPrincipal();
+        String googleId = jwt.getSubject();
+        try {
+            AppUser user = userService.getUserByGoogleId(googleId);
+            if (user == null) {
+                throw new ResponseStatusException(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, "User not registered");
+            }
+            return user;
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            throw new ResponseStatusException(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, "User not registered");
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/de/zendric/app/xpensely_server/security/RateLimitFilter.java

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.security;
+
+import io.github.bucket4j.Bandwidth;
+import io.github.bucket4j.Bucket;
+import jakarta.servlet.FilterChain;
+import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
+import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
+import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
+import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
+import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.Jwt;
+import org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+public class RateLimitFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
+
+    private static final int REQUESTS_PER_MINUTE = 60;
+
+    private final Map<String, Bucket> buckets = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+    @Override
+    protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
+                                    HttpServletResponse response,
+                                    FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
+        String key = resolveKey(request);
+        Bucket bucket = buckets.computeIfAbsent(key, k -> newBucket());
+
+        if (bucket.tryConsume(1)) {
+            filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
+        } else {
+            response.setStatus(HttpStatus.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS.value());
+            response.getWriter().write("Rate limit exceeded");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String resolveKey(HttpServletRequest request) {
+        Authentication auth = SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication();
+        if (auth != null && auth.getPrincipal() instanceof Jwt jwt) {
+            return "user:" + jwt.getSubject();
+        }
+        String ip = request.getHeader("X-Forwarded-For");
+        if (ip != null && !ip.isBlank()) {
+            return "ip:" + ip.split(",")[0].trim();
+        }
+        return "ip:" + request.getRemoteAddr();
+    }
+
+    private Bucket newBucket() {
+        return Bucket.builder()
+                .addLimit(Bandwidth.builder()
+                        .capacity(REQUESTS_PER_MINUTE)
+                        .refillGreedy(REQUESTS_PER_MINUTE, Duration.ofMinutes(1))
+                        .build())
+                .build();
+    }
+}

src/main/java/de/zendric/app/xpensely_server/security/SecurityConfig.java

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;
 import org.springframework.security.config.Customizer;
 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
 import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
+import org.springframework.security.oauth2.server.resource.web.BearerTokenAuthenticationFilter;
 import org.springframework.security.web.SecurityFilterChain;
 
 @Configuration
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ public class SecurityConfig {
                                 .oauth2ResourceServer(oauth2 -> oauth2
                                                 .jwt(Customizer.withDefaults()))
                                 .oauth2Login(Customizer.withDefaults())
+                                .addFilterAfter(new RateLimitFilter(), BearerTokenAuthenticationFilter.class)
                                 .csrf().disable();
 
                 return http.build();

src/test/java/de/zendric/app/xpensely_Server/ExpenseListRepositoryTest.java

@@ -1,26 +1,47 @@
 package de.zendric.app.xpensely_Server;
 
-import java.util.Optional;
-
+import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.model.ExpenseList;
+import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.repo.ExpenseListRepository;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;
 
-import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.model.ExpenseList;
-import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.repo.ExpenseListRepository;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 
 @DataJpaTest
 class ExpenseListRepositoryTest {
 
-        @Autowired
-        private ExpenseListRepository expenseListRepository;
+    @Autowired
+    private ExpenseListRepository expenseListRepository;
 
-        @Test
-        void testFindExpenseListById() {
-                // Assuming an ExpenseList with id = 1 exists in your test DB.
-                Optional<ExpenseList> optionalExpenseList = expenseListRepository.findById(1L);
+    @Test
+    void saveAndFindById_returnsExpenseList() {
+        ExpenseList list = new ExpenseList();
+        list.setName("Groceries");
+        ExpenseList saved = expenseListRepository.save(list);
 
-                ExpenseList expenseList = optionalExpenseList.get();
-                System.out.println("ExpenseList name: " + expenseList.getName());
-        }
+        Optional<ExpenseList> found = expenseListRepository.findById(saved.getId());
+
+        assertTrue(found.isPresent());
+        assertEquals("Groceries", found.get().getName());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void findById_nonExistentId_returnsEmpty() {
+        Optional<ExpenseList> found = expenseListRepository.findById(999L);
+        assertTrue(found.isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void delete_removesFromRepository() {
+        ExpenseList list = new ExpenseList();
+        list.setName("To Delete");
+        ExpenseList saved = expenseListRepository.save(list);
+
+        expenseListRepository.deleteById(saved.getId());
+
+        assertTrue(expenseListRepository.findById(saved.getId()).isEmpty());
+    }
 }

src/test/java/de/zendric/app/xpensely_Server/controller/AppUserControllerTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+package de.zendric.app.xpensely_Server.controller;
+
+import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.controller.AppUserController;
+import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.model.AppUser;
+import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.security.AuthenticatedUserResolver;
+import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.services.UserService;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
+import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcTest;
+import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
+import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
+import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.mockito.MockitoBean;
+import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
+
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
+import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;
+
+@WebMvcTest(AppUserController.class)
+@AutoConfigureMockMvc(addFilters = false)
+@ActiveProfiles("test")
+class AppUserControllerTest {
+
+    @Autowired MockMvc mockMvc;
+    @MockitoBean UserService userService;
+    @MockitoBean AuthenticatedUserResolver authenticatedUserResolver;
+
+    @Test
+    void createUser_blankUsername_returns400WithFieldError() throws Exception {
+        mockMvc.perform(post("/api/users/createUser")
+                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
+                .content("{\"username\":\"\",\"googleId\":\"gid123\"}"))
+                .andExpect(status().isBadRequest())
+                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.username").exists());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void createUser_invalidUsernamePattern_returns400() throws Exception {
+        mockMvc.perform(post("/api/users/createUser")
+                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
+                .content("{\"username\":\"hello world!\",\"googleId\":\"gid123\"}"))
+                .andExpect(status().isBadRequest())
+                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.username").exists());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void createUser_usernameTooShort_returns400() throws Exception {
+        mockMvc.perform(post("/api/users/createUser")
+                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
+                .content("{\"username\":\"ab\",\"googleId\":\"gid123\"}"))
+                .andExpect(status().isBadRequest())
+                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.username").exists());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void createUser_blankGoogleId_returns400() throws Exception {
+        mockMvc.perform(post("/api/users/createUser")
+                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
+                .content("{\"username\":\"validuser\",\"googleId\":\"\"}"))
+                .andExpect(status().isBadRequest())
+                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.googleId").exists());
+    }
+
+    // --- Authorization tests ---
+
+    @Test
+    void getUser_differentUser_returns403() throws Exception {
+        AppUser self = new AppUser(); self.setId(1L);
+        when(authenticatedUserResolver.resolveCurrentUser(any())).thenReturn(self);
+
+        mockMvc.perform(get("/api/users").param("id", "99"))
+                .andExpect(status().isForbidden());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void getUser_sameUser_returns200() throws Exception {
+        AppUser self = new AppUser(); self.setId(1L);
+        when(authenticatedUserResolver.resolveCurrentUser(any())).thenReturn(self);
+        when(userService.getUser(1L)).thenReturn(self);
+
+        mockMvc.perform(get("/api/users").param("id", "1"))
+                .andExpect(status().isOk());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void deleteUser_differentUser_returns403() throws Exception {
+        AppUser self = new AppUser(); self.setId(1L);
+        when(authenticatedUserResolver.resolveCurrentUser(any())).thenReturn(self);
+
+        mockMvc.perform(delete("/api/users").param("id", "99"))
+                .andExpect(status().isForbidden());
+    }
+}

src/test/java/de/zendric/app/xpensely_Server/controller/ExpenseListControllerTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+package de.zendric.app.xpensely_Server.controller;
+
+import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.controller.ExpenseListController;
+import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.model.AppUser;
+import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.model.ExpenseList;
+import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.security.AuthenticatedUserResolver;
+import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.services.CategoryService;
+import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.services.ExpenseListService;
+import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.services.UserService;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
+import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcTest;
+import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
+import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
+import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.mockito.MockitoBean;
+import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
+import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;
+
+@WebMvcTest(ExpenseListController.class)
+@AutoConfigureMockMvc(addFilters = false)
+@ActiveProfiles("test")
+class ExpenseListControllerTest {
+
+    @Autowired MockMvc mockMvc;
+    @MockitoBean ExpenseListService expenseListService;
+    @MockitoBean UserService userService;
+    @MockitoBean CategoryService categoryService;
+    @MockitoBean AuthenticatedUserResolver authenticatedUserResolver;
+
+    // --- Validation tests ---
+
+    @Test
+    void addExpense_blankTitle_returns400() throws Exception {
+        mockMvc.perform(post("/api/expenselist/1/add")
+                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
+                .content("{\"title\":\"\",\"owner\":\"alice\",\"amount\":10.0,\"date\":\"2026-05-04\",\"category\":\"Food\"}"))
+                .andExpect(status().isBadRequest())
+                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.title").exists());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void addExpense_negativeAmount_returns400() throws Exception {
+        mockMvc.perform(post("/api/expenselist/1/add")
+                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
+                .content("{\"title\":\"Lunch\",\"owner\":\"alice\",\"amount\":-5.0,\"date\":\"2026-05-04\",\"category\":\"Food\"}"))
+                .andExpect(status().isBadRequest())
+                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.amount").exists());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void addExpense_nullDate_returns400() throws Exception {
+        mockMvc.perform(post("/api/expenselist/1/add")
+                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
+                .content("{\"title\":\"Lunch\",\"owner\":\"alice\",\"amount\":10.0,\"category\":\"Food\"}"))
+                .andExpect(status().isBadRequest())
+                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.date").exists());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void acceptInvite_blankCode_returns400() throws Exception {
+        mockMvc.perform(post("/api/expenselist/accept-invite")
+                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
+                .content("{\"inviteCode\":\"\"}"))
+                .andExpect(status().isBadRequest())
+                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.inviteCode").exists());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void acceptInvite_wrongCodeLength_returns400() throws Exception {
+        mockMvc.perform(post("/api/expenselist/accept-invite")
+                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
+                .content("{\"inviteCode\":\"ABC\"}"))
+                .andExpect(status().isBadRequest())
+                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.inviteCode").exists());
+    }
+
+    // --- Authorization tests ---
+
+    @Test
+    void getById_authenticatedUserNotMember_returns403() throws Exception {
+        AppUser owner = new AppUser(); owner.setId(1L);
+        AppUser requester = new AppUser(); requester.setId(2L);
+        ExpenseList list = new ExpenseList(); list.setId(1L); list.setOwner(owner);
+
+        when(expenseListService.findById(1L)).thenReturn(Optional.of(list));
+        when(authenticatedUserResolver.resolveCurrentUser(any())).thenReturn(requester);
+
+        mockMvc.perform(get("/api/expenselist/byId").param("id", "1"))
+                .andExpect(status().isForbidden());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void getById_authenticatedUserIsOwner_returns200() throws Exception {
+        AppUser owner = new AppUser(); owner.setId(1L);
+        ExpenseList list = new ExpenseList(); list.setId(1L); list.setOwner(owner);
+
+        when(expenseListService.findById(1L)).thenReturn(Optional.of(list));
+        when(authenticatedUserResolver.resolveCurrentUser(any())).thenReturn(owner);
+
+        mockMvc.perform(get("/api/expenselist/byId").param("id", "1"))
+                .andExpect(status().isOk());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void deleteList_nonOwner_returns403() throws Exception {
+        AppUser owner = new AppUser(); owner.setId(1L);
+        AppUser nonOwner = new AppUser(); nonOwner.setId(2L);
+        ExpenseList list = new ExpenseList(); list.setId(5L); list.setOwner(owner);
+
+        when(expenseListService.findById(5L)).thenReturn(Optional.of(list));
+        when(authenticatedUserResolver.resolveCurrentUser(any())).thenReturn(nonOwner);
+
+        mockMvc.perform(delete("/api/expenselist/5"))
+                .andExpect(status().isForbidden());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void getMine_returnsCurrentUserLists() throws Exception {
+        AppUser user = new AppUser(); user.setId(3L);
+
+        when(authenticatedUserResolver.resolveCurrentUser(any())).thenReturn(user);
+        when(expenseListService.findByUserId(3L)).thenReturn(List.of(new ExpenseList()));
+
+        mockMvc.perform(get("/api/expenselist/mine"))
+                .andExpect(status().isOk());
+    }
+}

src/test/java/de/zendric/app/xpensely_Server/security/AuthenticatedUserResolverTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+package de.zendric.app.xpensely_Server.security;
+
+import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.model.AppUser;
+import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.security.AuthenticatedUserResolver;
+import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.services.UserService;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
+import org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.Jwt;
+import org.springframework.security.oauth2.server.resource.authentication.JwtAuthenticationToken;
+import org.springframework.web.server.ResponseStatusException;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
+
+class AuthenticatedUserResolverTest {
+
+    UserService userService;
+    AuthenticatedUserResolver resolver;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() {
+        userService = mock(UserService.class);
+        resolver = new AuthenticatedUserResolver(userService);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void resolveCurrentUser_validJwt_returnsAppUser() {
+        Jwt jwt = Jwt.withTokenValue("token")
+                .header("alg", "RS256")
+                .subject("google-id-123")
+                .build();
+        JwtAuthenticationToken auth = new JwtAuthenticationToken(jwt);
+
+        AppUser user = new AppUser();
+        user.setId(1L);
+        user.setGoogleId("google-id-123");
+        when(userService.getUserByGoogleId("google-id-123")).thenReturn(user);
+
+        AppUser result = resolver.resolveCurrentUser(auth);
+        assertEquals(user, result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void resolveCurrentUser_userNotFound_throws403() {
+        Jwt jwt = Jwt.withTokenValue("token")
+                .header("alg", "RS256")
+                .subject("unknown-id")
+                .build();
+        JwtAuthenticationToken auth = new JwtAuthenticationToken(jwt);
+        when(userService.getUserByGoogleId("unknown-id")).thenReturn(null);
+
+        ResponseStatusException ex = assertThrows(ResponseStatusException.class,
+                () -> resolver.resolveCurrentUser(auth));
+        assertEquals(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, ex.getStatusCode());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void resolveCurrentUser_userServiceThrows_throws403() {
+        Jwt jwt = Jwt.withTokenValue("token")
+                .header("alg", "RS256")
+                .subject("gone-id")
+                .build();
+        JwtAuthenticationToken auth = new JwtAuthenticationToken(jwt);
+        when(userService.getUserByGoogleId("gone-id")).thenThrow(new IllegalArgumentException("not found"));
+
+        ResponseStatusException ex = assertThrows(ResponseStatusException.class,
+                () -> resolver.resolveCurrentUser(auth));
+        assertEquals(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, ex.getStatusCode());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void resolveCurrentUser_nullAuthentication_throws403() {
+        ResponseStatusException ex = assertThrows(ResponseStatusException.class,
+                () -> resolver.resolveCurrentUser(null));
+        assertEquals(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, ex.getStatusCode());
+    }
+}

src/test/java/de/zendric/app/xpensely_Server/security/RateLimitFilterTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package de.zendric.app.xpensely_Server.security;
+
+import de.zendric.app.xpensely_server.security.RateLimitFilter;
+import jakarta.servlet.FilterChain;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpServletRequest;
+import org.springframework.mock.web.MockHttpServletResponse;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
+
+class RateLimitFilterTest {
+
+    RateLimitFilter filter;
+    FilterChain chain;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() {
+        filter = new RateLimitFilter();
+        chain = mock(FilterChain.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void allowsRequestUnderLimit() throws Exception {
+        MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest();
+        request.setRemoteAddr("1.2.3.4");
+        MockHttpServletResponse response = new MockHttpServletResponse();
+
+        filter.doFilter(request, response, chain);
+
+        verify(chain, times(1)).doFilter(request, response);
+        assertEquals(200, response.getStatus());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void blocksRequestOverLimit() throws Exception {
+        MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest();
+        request.setRemoteAddr("5.6.7.8");
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++) {
+            filter.doFilter(request, new MockHttpServletResponse(), chain);
+        }
+
+        MockHttpServletResponse blockedResponse = new MockHttpServletResponse();
+        filter.doFilter(request, blockedResponse, chain);
+
+        assertEquals(429, blockedResponse.getStatus());
+        verify(chain, times(60)).doFilter(eq(request), any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void differentIpsBucketedSeparately() throws Exception {
+        MockHttpServletRequest req1 = new MockHttpServletRequest();
+        req1.setRemoteAddr("10.0.0.1");
+        MockHttpServletRequest req2 = new MockHttpServletRequest();
+        req2.setRemoteAddr("10.0.0.2");
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++) {
+            filter.doFilter(req1, new MockHttpServletResponse(), chain);
+        }
+
+        MockHttpServletResponse response2 = new MockHttpServletResponse();
+        filter.doFilter(req2, response2, chain);
+
+        assertEquals(200, response2.getStatus());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void prefersXForwardedForHeader() throws Exception {
+        MockHttpServletRequest request = new MockHttpServletRequest();
+        request.setRemoteAddr("192.168.1.1");
+        request.addHeader("X-Forwarded-For", "203.0.113.5, 10.0.0.1");
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++) {
+            filter.doFilter(request, new MockHttpServletResponse(), chain);
+        }
+
+        MockHttpServletResponse blocked = new MockHttpServletResponse();
+        filter.doFilter(request, blocked, chain);
+        assertEquals(429, blocked.getStatus());
+
+        MockHttpServletRequest directRequest = new MockHttpServletRequest();
+        directRequest.setRemoteAddr("192.168.1.1");
+        MockHttpServletResponse directResponse = new MockHttpServletResponse();
+        filter.doFilter(directRequest, directResponse, chain);
+        assertEquals(200, directResponse.getStatus());
+    }
+}